Regulator Zener Diode

Regulator Zener Diode

he rectifier is good enough if its a small ripple voltage, but there are stability issues. If the voltage of electricity rise / fall, then the output voltage will also go up / down.

                                                                Regulator Zener Diode

Like the rectifier circuit above, if the current higher voltage dc discharge was also decreased. For some applications this voltage changes quite annoying, so it requires an active component that can regulate the output voltage becomes stable.

The most simple regulator circuit shown in Figure 6. In this circuit, zener works on the breakdown region, thus producing the same output voltage with a zener voltage or Fout = VZ. However, this circuit is only useful if the load current less than 50mA.
 
 

Regulator Zener Diode

The principle of such a power supply circuit is called a shunt regulator, one of his trademark is a regulatory component in parallel with the load. Another feature of the shunt regulator is susceptible to short-circuit. Notice when Fout connected short (short-circuit) then the current is fixed I = Vin/R1. In addition to a shunt regulator, there is also a series called by the regulator. The main principle of such series regulator circuit in Figure 7 below. In this circuit output voltage is:



Fout = VZ + VBE


VBE is the base-emitter voltage of transistor Q1 of the magnitude between 0.2 - 0.7 volts depending on the type of transistor used. By ignoring the IB currents flowing at the base of the transistor, to determine the magnitude of R2 resistance that is needed is:

R2 = (Vin - VZ) / Iz

Iz is the minimum flow required by the zener diode to achieve the zener breakdown voltage. These large currents can be detected from a datasheet which amount to approximately 20 mA.

VIZIO VT420M 42-Inch Full HD 1080p 120 Hz LCD HDTV

VIZIO VT420M 42-Inch Full HD 1080p 120 Hz LCD HDTV

I tried really hard, with a comparable difference between Sony, Samsung, Vizio TVs to see $ 800. I could not find one. I stared at all the television for 45 minutes three straight … not a significant difference. For the money you can not go wrong. And 'the right balance between size, image quality and price. I connected my PS3 to compare the quality between this and a TV 46 "SONY XBR. I was shocked to see that this television was by far a better picture (although the Sony product two yearsof age). The audio is poor and has varied from time to time. I've had for a month and can not say I did not see any green lines or problems. If you want a TV under $ 1,000, I would recommend you look at this Vizio. I do not think Vizio can hold a candle when it comes to televisions more expensive, but when he competes in this price class, you draw

VIZIO VT420M 42-Inch Full HD 1080p 120 Hz LCD HDTV Feature

• 120Hz Smooth Motion technology gives you smooth, blur-free picture with less judder
• SRS TruSurroundHD brings you an immersive surround sound experience
• SRS TruVolume balances audio levels to eliminate volume inconsistencies
• Multimedia USB Ports enables you to view personal media including music and photos
• JAVA finish. 4 HDMI inputs

VIZIO VT420M 42-Inch Full HD 1080p 120 Hz LCD HDTV Overview


VIZIO VT420M 42-Inch Full HD 1080p 120 Hz LCD HDTV Specifications


This 42-inch HDTV complements any room’s decor with its fashion forward design and dramatic java brown finish. It’s feature rich with full 1080p high definition resolution and 120Hz Smooth Motion technology for beautifully bright and clear images, and includes a built-in multi-media feature enabling you to enjoy music and photos directly from your HDTV.
 
1080P Full HD


Full 1080P High Definition resolution gives you over 2 million pixels, making the clarity and detail of your picture razor sharp.
 
120Hz Refresh Rate

A 120Hz refresh rate limits motion judder, creating smooth transitions between frames, for crisp, clear images.
 
Full 1080p resolution with wide connectivity and bonus multimedia features. Click to enlarge.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ECO HD

ECO HD exceeds the current Energy Star Guidelines by 15% below Energy Star 3.0, saving you money on your utility bills while limiting the impact on our planet.
 
 
 
 
Full 1080p resolution for the best picture.
 
 
Built-In Speakers


Four built-in 10-Watt speakers provide room-filling sound.
 

SRS Audio Technologies


SRS TruVolume evens out dynamics to limit volume inconsistencies between programming. SRS TruSurround HD delivers immersive virtual high-definition surround sound out of the unit’s two speakers.
 
 
 
                                                              A 120Hz refresh rate creates smooth transitions between frames.
 
 
176-Degree Horizontal Viewing Angle


The VT420M features a viewing angle of up to 176 degrees, resulting in a crisp and clear picture that is easily visible from just about anywhere in the room.



USB Multimedia Features

Plug portable hard drives, flash thumb drives or other USB devices into the VT420M and enjoy MP3 audio and JPEG photo files.



With MP3s, you’ll get repeat and shuffle playback modes along with standard controls. When in Music Mode, the screen goes darker to conserve energy. As for your JPEGs, you can browse through them or enjoy a slide show, complete with background music.



The VT420M also features a Pause Live TV feature. This feature allows the viewer to pause the program being watched and then to resume watching it at the point the TV was paused, up to 29 minutes (uses a high speed USB 2.0 device with a minimum of 1Gb of memory plugged into the USB port).



VT420M Inputs

HDMI with HDCP: 4 (1 side)

RF Connector for Internal Tuner: 1

Component YPbPr plus Stereo Audio: 2

Computer RGB: 1

Composite Video: 1 (side)

USB Port: 1



VT420M Outputs

SPDIF Digital Optical: 1

Headphones: 1 (side)



One-Year Warranty

VIZIO provides a one-year warranty on its products for extra peace of mind in your purchase.



What’s in the Box

VIZIO VT420M, Detachable Stand Base, 4 Thumbscrews (to attach Stand), VIZIO Remote Control VR4, Power Cord, Screen Cleaning Cloth, User Manual, Quick Setup Guide, Registration Card, 2 AA Batteries for the Remote Control

LG 42LG70 42-Inch 1080p 120Hz LCD HDTV

The picture quality is excellent, the interface is very easy to use and provides more than enough connection jacks (HDMI, composite, three-way cable, etc.) for any average user, like me, no problem connecting decoders, readers Blu-Ray, a home theater system, a PS3 and other consoles.

The 1080p picture quality with the role of Tru-Motion to ensure that the Blu Ray pictureThe quality is excellent. I am also happy with the remote setup! I found that for viewing HD content, do not stop the Tru Motion optimal and, fortunately, turning this feature off is simple, fast and simple. On the other hand, I recently saw the new Star Trek on Blu Ray with the role of Tru-Motion, and it seemed incredible.

The image quality is better than other 1080p LCD TV is mine (I have a Toshiba 42-inch and 40 inch Bravia), theThe sound quality is comparable, but the speaker volume is a bit 'lower than the other two LCD screens. But I found that this is a trivial question, the volume is good, not great just because I connect the TV to a home theater system.

After all, if I just want 1080p 120Hz LCD TV with excellent image quality for use under other TVs, this is a good choice.

HP Pavilion dv6 Core i3 2.13GHz 16" Laptop for $580 after rebate + free shipping

HP Pavilion dv6 Core i3 2.13GHz 16" Laptop for $580 after rebate + free shipping
Staples offers the 6.34-lb. HP Pavilion dv6-2150us Intel Core i3 2.13GHz 15.6" Widescreen Notebook, model no. WA779UA#ABA, for $629.99. This $50 mail-in rebate cuts it to $579.99. With free shipping, it's $5 under our April mention and the lowest total price we could find by $70. Sales tax is added where applicable. This laptop features an Intel Core i3-330M 2.13GHz dual-core processor, 15.6" 1366x768 LED-backlit widescreen LCD, 4GB RAM, 320GB 7200 rpm hard drive, dual-layer DVD burner with LightScribe support, 802.11n wireless, Bluetooth, 5-in-1 media card reader, built-in webcam, four USB ports (no FireWire), ExpressCard slot, HDMI output, 6-cell battery, and Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit. Rebate ends May 22.

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Skema PLL PROGRAMMABLE SWITCH AND DISPLAY

Veronica PLL model is quite popular among the experimenter FM Broadcast, with pretty good audio quality and the rf signal is so clean, very little spurious signal / her spleteran. But as we know this model PLL still use the "dip switches" to "setting" the working frequency of the PLL. We must always refer to the manual or the table position dip switches for each desired frequency.

For that reason perhaps, by adding a series of programmable digital switches that can replace the role of the dip switches, it is rather easy and not too much trouble. Because only by seeing the display "display", position switches will be in accordance with the program for the desired frequency as when we use manual dipswitch.

One of the requirements that must be met by a programmable switch is able to cover from 88 MHz - 108 MHz, while also be able to save the last state of the program even if power is turned off.

To realize them, for the sake of practicality and of course cheap, used microcontroller, in this project using microcontroller family of Atmel are quite popular and many on the market.

To use the I2C memory storage, (also from Atmel) with IC memory we do not need to reset the working frequency, when the PLL been turned off.

By using the software programs are sufficient IC, this circuit can be programmed from the frequency of 88-108 MHz, to change the frequency to stay pressing the SET / RESET button followed by pressing the UP or DOWN. After achieving the desired frequency, then press the SAVE lives. Position switch / display will be the last time we had "SAVE".

Skema TC9122 PROGRAMMABLE DIVIDER

To study the working principle pesintesa frequency (frequency synthesizer) with PLL, we can learn to block in the block of parts of the PLL. One of the most popular programmable divider IC is TC9122. IC is known as one of the PLL components in HT 2m Transceiver: ICOM IC-2N.

In general, this chip other than as a programmable divider in the PLL, can also be used as a frequency divider in other applications.Skema TC9122 PROGRAMMABLE DIVIDER

Here are the features possessed IC TC9122:
- F max = 15 MHz, if you are using a PLL in the FM band, of course you should add the prescaler (about prescaler wait in another posting aja ya ... ..)
- Frequency distribution using the principle of BCD (binary coded decimal), in contrast with the principles of the IC MC145151 (see previous posting).
- The performance of frequency division by the number 8-3999.
- Built-in amplifier with self-bias type, which can be operated with a small signal with a coupling capacitor.
- Supply Voltage 4.5 to 8.5 Volt.

Notice the pins explanation for this chip:

No Pin. 2: Pin, INPUT terminal, can be derived from the VCO or Prescaler
No Pin. 3-16: a program division (N) with the principle of the BCD, the value N = 8-3999
No Pin. 17: Pout, OUTPUT terminal (1 / N) from this pin to the next phase
Detector.
No Pin. 1: VDD, the positive power supply
No Pin. 18: GND, ground.

Next we consider an internal block diagram of this chip:

A0, B0, C0, D0 indicates UNITS
A1, B1, C1, D1 showed dozens
A2, B2, C2, D2 showed hundreds
A3, B3, showed THOUSANDS

Suppose that we program the PLL frequency calculations on a N = 3567
Figures unit = 7, mean A0, B0, C0, D0 = 1, 1, 1, 0
Figures tens = 6, mean A1, B1, C1, D1 = 0, 1, 1, 0
Figures hundreds = 5, means A2, B2, C2, D2 = 1, 0, 1, 0
Figures thousands = 3, means the A3, B3 = 1, 1

That bit of information about IC TC 9122, probably in the next posting we try to review TC5081 and TC 5082. keep the spirit pray for ya ....

Atmel 89S and AVR Programmer(STK200)

For AT89Sxx and AVR

Tahan Prahara, prahara_satria@yahoo.co.id

If you are looking for an easy-build and useful programmer for the AT89Sxx, AVR MCU, and tiny AVR, here is my simple circuit. The board is signal compatible with the STK200 parallel programmer.

STK200 Parallel Programmer

Layout PCB

Sofware

The loader hardware can be used with many programs.

1. AT89Sxx series, we can use Asim loader ISP flash programmer V 3.0a http://www.kmitl.ac.th/~kswichit/cheapcable/index.html

2. The built-in programmer with CodeVisionAVR from http://www.hpinfotech.ro (or WinAVR (freeware)

How to use CodeVisonAVR please visit this http://www.kmitl.ac.th/~kswichit/tiny2313/tiny.htm

3. AT89 and AVR u can try this http://www.lancos.com/prog.html

Download

The PCB file is ExpressPCB.

Schematic : STK200.sch

PCB : STK200.pcb

For cable length should be one meter or less.

Any questions please email me prahara_satria@yahoo.co.id